Tuesday, 19 August 2014
Sunday, 27 April 2014
Monday, 31 March 2014
Relative clauses exercises
RELATIVE CLAUSES
A- Complete with a
relative pronoun. Omit the pronoun whenever possible.
1.
I
met a British boy _____________ can speak Portuguese very well.
2.
That’s
the man _____________ car was stolen.
3.
I
met a girl _____________ knows you.
4.
They
live in a country _____________ Prime Minister is a woman.
5.
I
work in a company _____________ sells things on the Internet.
6.
That’s
the film _____________ I saw on TV last Saturday.
7.
She
saw the boy _____________ lives next door.
8.
I
like people _____________ are nice.
9.
She
likes films _____________ make her laugh.
10.
The
students like books _____________ are easy to read.
11.
I
like discos _____________ close late.
12.
This
is the reason _____________ I didn’t reply to your e-mail.
B- Make one sentence from
two to form defining and non-defining relative clauses. Omit the pronoun
whenever is possible.
1.
The
train goes to Manchester. It leaves at midday.
-The train that goes to Manchester
leaves at midday
2.
They
live in a flat. It’s got big windows.
-
They
live in a flat which has got big windows
3.
He’s
an electrician. His wife works in an office.
______________________________________________________________
4.
Show
me that book. You bought it yesterday.
______________________________________________________________
5.
A
boy answered the phone. He told me you were at school.
The boy
_______________________________________________________
6.
I
have a friend. He’s a good technician.
______________________________________________________________
7.
My
brother is twenty. He’s studying in England.
______________________________________________________________
8.
This
is the girl. She had the best mark in the test.
______________________________________________________________
9.
What’s
the name of the river? It flows through London.
______________________________________________________________
10.
A
coffee maker is a machine. It makes coffee.
______________________________________________________________
11.
A
girl phoned. She didn’t leave a message.
The girl
_______________________________________________________
12.
I
know a boy. His father is an accountant.
______________________________________________________________
13.
I
wanted to see the woman. She was away on holiday.
The woman_____________________________________________________
14.
I
slept in a bed last night. It wasn’t very comfortable.
The bed _______________________________________________________
15.
Are
these the magazines? Were you looking for them?
______________________________________________________________
16.
What’s
the name of that restaurant? You told me about a restaurant.
______________________________________________________________
17.
Who
was that boy? I saw you with a boy.
______________________________________________________________
18.
English
is a subject. I’ve always been good at it.
______________________________________________________________
19.
That
is the cottage. We stayed there last summer holiday.
______________________________________________________________
20.
Jane
failed the exam. This made her parents very angry.
______________________________________________________________
21.
I
had been waiting for hours. This was very boring.
______________________________________________________________
22.
The
cinema was almost empty yesterday. It holds more than a hundred people.
______________________________________________________________
23.
Mary
retired last month. She worked as a secretary for more than thirty years.
______________________________________________________________
24.
Paul
is a very good driver. His car was stolen yesterday.
______________________________________________________________
C- Make one sentence from
two to form a participle clause.
1.
The
bus broke down. It was taking us to the railway station.
______________________________________________________________
2.
Many
people were waiting for the Prime Minister. They had been there for hours.
______________________________________________________________
3.
The
factory workers are worried about unemployment. They are doing training
courses.
______________________________________________________________
4.
I
was woken up by the alarm clock. It was ringing.
______________________________________________________________
5.
The
goods are made in this factory. They are exported.
______________________________________________________________
6.
There
was a black car. It was parked opposite the café.
______________________________________________________________
Relative clauses
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
The relative pronouns are:
·
who –
used for people;
·
which – used for things or animals;
·
that
– used for either people or things;
·
whose – a possessive relative pronoun for people and sometimes for things or
animals. Instead of saying “The book, whose cover was missing, was found in my
grandparents’ house” we often say “The book, the cover of which was missing,…”.
The relative adverbs are:
·
where
– referring to places;
·
when
– referring to time.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining
relative clauses identify the person or thing we are talking about.
Telecommuting is
just the start of a progress that will
see many people holding down jobs without ever actually going into work.
Notes
·
That
often replaces who or which (example above)
·
We
do not use a comma before the relative pronoun.
·
We
can omit the relative pronoun when it is the object of the clause.
·
Whom
is very formal and mainly used in written English.
2. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Non-defining
relative clauses give extra information about the person or thing and are not
essential to the meaning of the sentence.
Jill, who has got two children, has decided
to telecommute.
Notes
·
We cannot use the pronoun that or omit the relative
pronoun.
·
We always put a comma before the relative pronoun.
3. SPECIAL TYPE OF NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
Fred left school, which
surprised everyone.
In this sentence
which refers to the complete clause and a comma is always used.
4. PARTICIPLE CLAUSES (OR REDUCED
RELATIVE CLAUSES)
Nowadays there are
a few people working (= who work) form home. (present participle)
Many workers, worried
(= who were worried) about their safety at work, went on strike. (past
participle)
5. PREPOSITIONS IN RELATIVE CLAUSES
In relative
clauses we normally put the preposition
at the end of the clause.
That’s the man
(who/that) he was speaking to)
In formal
English, we can put the preposition before the relative pronoun.
That’s the man to whom he was speaking to.
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